Status: U
From: Jerry Healan
To: heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: The Covenant of Clean and Unclean (Part 1 of 3)

THE COVENEANT OF THE CLEAN AND THE UNCLEAN
BY JERRY HEALAN

(Part 1 of 3)

Many people scoff in derision and disbelief when they find that
YAHWEH'S people observe the command of clean and unclean meats.
However, if they could realize the wisdom and also the revelation
concerning these things, they wouldn't be so quick to condemn.When
YAHWEH called Israel out of Egypt, He advised them concerning what
they could and could not eat. This command is found in Deuteronomy,
chapter 14. However, long before this event there was a distinction
between the clean and unclean animals. The difference is found in the
very first book of the Bible, Genesis.

The conditions on the earth had become so violent and abusive that
YAHWEH decided to destroy mankind off of the face of the earth, but He
had mercy on Noah and his family. YAHWEH told Noah, "And, behold, I,
even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all
flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; and every
thing that is in the earth shall die. But with thee will I establish
My covenant; and thou shalt come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and
thy wife, and thy sons' wives with thee. And of every living thing of
all flesh, two of every sort shalt thou bring into the ark, to keep
them alive with thee; they shall be male and female. Of fowls after
their kind, and of cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of
the earth after his kind, two of every sort shall come unto thee, to
keep them alive. And take thou unto thee of all food that is eaten,
and thou shalt gather it to thee; and it shall be for food for thee,
and for them.' Thus did Noah; according to all that YAHWEH commanded
him, so did he. And YAHWEH said unto Noah, `Come thou and all thy
house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before Me in this
generation. Of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee by sevens,
the male and his female: and of beasts that are not clean by two, the
male and his female," Gen. 6:17-22; 7:1-2.

YAHWEH reiterated this example of the clean and unclean to Israel. He
told them, "Ye are the children of YAHWEH your Elohim: ye shall not
cut yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead.
For thou art an holy people unto YAHWEH thy Elohim, and YAHWEH
hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto Himself, above all the
nations that are upon the earth. Thou shalt not eat any abominable
thing. These are the beasts which ye shall eat: the ox, the
sheep, and the goat, the hart, and the roebuck, and the fallow deer,
and the wild goat, and the pygarg, and the wild ox, and the chamois.
And every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two
claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat.
Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of
them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the
coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they
are unclean unto you. And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet
cheweth not the cud, it is unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their
flesh, nor touch their dead carcase. These ye shall eat of all that
are in the waters: all that have fins and scales shall ye eat: And
whatsoever hath not fins and scales ye may not eat; it is unclean unto
you. Of all clean birds ye shall eat. But these are they of which ye
shall not eat: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray, and the
glede, and the kite, and the vulture after his kind, and every raven
after his kind, and the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and
the hawk after his kind, the little owl, and the great owl, and the
swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle, and the cormorant, and the
stork, and the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat. And
every creeping thing that flieth is unclean unto you: they shall not
be eaten. But of all clean fowls ye may eat. Ye shall not eat of any
thing that dieth of itself: thou shalt give it unto the stranger that
is in thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto an
alien: for thou art an holy people unto YAHWEH thy Elohim. Thou shalt
not seethe a kid in his mother's milk," Dt. 14:1-21.

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN CLEAN AND UNCLEAN

Notice the distinction. YAHWEH wanted Israel to be clean and holy
while the non-Israelite nations were considered to be unclean. One of
the major differences between the clean and unclean animals
and birds is that the clean eat grass, herbs, seeds, etc. while a
great majority of the unclean are animals and birds of prey. They must
either kill (shed blood) to eat or scavenge that which is already
dead. Many of the unclean, even of the fishes, are nothing more than
garbage cans which feed upon dead and putrefying flesh. The animals
which prey upon others (usually they prey upon the clean, but
not always) kill and eat not only the flesh, but the blood also.

There are people and even nations which are so unclean in their
approach to life. They also prey on others in order to preserve their
own lives. Thus murder, bloodshed, looting, stealing, slavery and
literally sapping the lifeblood out of others is a way of life to
them. This way is not a way of cleanness and holiness before YAHWEH.
YAHWEH desires His people to be honest, forthright and clean in
their approach to life and in receiving their sustenance.

THE RUMINANTS

The clean animals chew the cud and divide the hoof. Because of this,
they are called "ruminants." A quick look at the word "ruminant" in
the dictionary reveals that the word means "to chew." A clean
animal grazes on the grass or fodder provided, stores the food in a
special stomach provided and then goes to a place where they quietly
lie down on the ground, bring the food back up out of the
stomach and chew on it before sending it to the main stomach for
digestion.

From the word "ruminant" we get the word "ruminate" which means to
chew the cud, or to turn something over in the mind - to meditate.
Thus, the ruminants are a type of YAHWEH'S people who are to be clean
in their approach to life.

YAHshua, Himself, likened His people to be sheep, "Verily, verily, I
say unto you, `He that entereth not by the door into the sheepfold,
but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber.
But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. To
him the porter openeth; and the sheep hear his voice: and he calleth
his own sheep by name, and leadeth them out. And when he putteth forth
his own sheep, he goeth before them, and the sheep follow him: for
they know his voice. And a stranger will they not follow, but will
flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers.' This parable
spake YAHshua unto them: but they understood not what things they were
which He spake unto them. Then said YAHshua unto them again, `Verily,
verily, I say unto you, I am the door of the sheep. All that ever came
before Me are thieves and robbers: but the sheep did not hear them. I
am the door: by Me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall
go in and out, and find pasture. The thief cometh not, but for to
steal, and to kill, and to destroy: I am come that they might have
life, and that they might have it more abundantly. I am the good
Shepherd: the good Shepherd giveth His life for the sheep. But he that
is an hireling, and not the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not,
seeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth: and the
wolf catcheth them, and scattereth the sheep. The hireling fleeth,
because he is an hireling, and careth not for the sheep. I am the good
Shepherd, and know My sheep, and am known of Mine. As the Father
knoweth Me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down My life for the
sheep. And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I
must bring, and they shall hear My voice; and there shall be one fold,
and one Shepherd'," Jn. 10:1-16.

King David sang, "YAHWEH is my Shepherd; I shall not want. He maketh
me to lie down in green pastures," Psa. 23:1-2. David understood that
he was a sheep of YAHWEH who is able to lie down in green pastures to
ruminate (think) upon YAHWEH and His word.

YAHshua commanded Peter, "So when they had dined, YAHshua saith to
Simon Peter, `Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou Me more than these?' He
saith unto Him `Yea, Master; thou knowest that I love thee.' He saith
unto him, `Feed My lambs.' He saith to him again the second time,
`Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou Me?' He saith unto Him, `Yea,
Master; thou knowest that I love thee.' He saith unto him, `Feed My
sheep.' He saith unto him the third time, `Simon, son of Jonas,
lovest thou Me?' Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third
time, Lovest thou Me? And he said unto Him, `Master, thou knowest all
things; thou knowest that I love thee.' YAHshua saith unto him, `Feed
My sheep'," Jn. 21:15-17.

THE SHEEP'S FOOD

YAHshua told Peter to "feed His sheep," but just what is the proper
food for the sheep? Once again, the answer is found in the book of
John, "Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that
meat which endureth unto everlasting life, which the Son of man shall
give unto you: for him hath YAHWEH the Father sealed. Then said they
unto Him, `What shall we do, that we might work the works of Elohim?'
YAHshua answered and said unto them, `This is the work of Elohim, that
ye believe on Him Whom He hath sent.' They said therefore unto Him,
`What sign shewest Thou then, that we may see, and believe Thee? What
dost Thou work? Our fathers did eat manna in the desert; as it is
written, `He gave them bread from heaven to eat'.' Then YAHshua said
unto them, `Verily, verily, I say unto you, Moses gave you not that
bread from heaven; but My Father giveth you the true bread from
heaven. For the bread of Elohim is He which cometh down from
heaven, and giveth life unto the world.' Then said they unto Him,
`Master, evermore give us this bread.' And YAHshua said unto them, `I
am the bread of life: he that cometh to Me shall never
hunger; and he that believeth on Me shall never thirst. But I said
unto you, That ye also have seen Me, and believe not. All that the
Father giveth Me shall come to Me; and him that cometh to Me I
will in no wise cast out. For I came down from heaven, not to do Mine
own will, but the will of Him that sent Me. And this is the Father's
will which hath sent Me, that of all which He hath given me I should
lose nothing, but should raise it up again at the last day. And this
is the will of Him that sent Me, that every one which seeth the Son,
and believeth on Him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him
up at the last day.' The Jews then murmured at Him, because he said, I
am the bread which came down from heaven. And they said, `Is not this
YAHshua, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How is it
then that He saith, `I came down from heaven'?' YAHshua therefore
answered and said unto them, `Murmur not among yourselves. No man can
come to Me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will
raise him up at the last day. It is written in the prophets, And they
shall be all taught of Elohim. Every man therefore that hath heard,
and hath learned of the Father, cometh unto Me. Not that any man hath
seen the Father, save He which is of YAHWEH, He hath seen the Father.
Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on Me hath
everlasting life. I am that bread of life. Your fathers did eat manna
in the wilderness, and are dead. This is the bread which cometh down
from heaven, that a man may eat thereof, and not die. I am the living
bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he
shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which
I will give for the life of the world.' The Jews therefore strove
among themselves, saying, `How can this man give us his flesh to eat?'
Then YAHshua said unto them, `Verily, verily, I say unto you, `Except
ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink His blood, ye have no
life in you. Whoso eateth My flesh, and drinketh My blood, hath
eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day. For My flesh is
meat indeed, and My blood is drink indeed. He that eateth My
flesh, and drinketh My blood, dwelleth in Me, and I in him. As the
living Father hath sent Me, and I live by the Father: so he that
eateth Me, even he shall live by Me. This is that bread which came
down from heaven: not as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he
that eateth of this bread shall live for ever'," Jn. 6:27-58.

What wondrous things there are in the Spirit. YAHshua is not only the
true Shepherd of the sheep, but He also is the sheep's food! Peter was
commanded three times to feed the sheep. Peter was to feed the sheep
with the truth concerning the Messiah which is found in YAHWEH'S word!

SEARCHING THE SCRIPTURES

YAHshua told the people of His day, "Search the scriptures; for in
them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of
Me. And ye will not come to Me, that ye might have life. I receive
not honour from men. But I know you, that ye have not the love of
YAHWEH in you. I am come in My Father's name, and ye receive Me not:
if another shall come in his own name, him ye will receive. How can ye
believe, which receive honour one of another, and seek not the honour
that cometh from YAHWEH only? Do not think that I will accuse you to
the Father: there is one that accuseth you, even Moses, in whom ye
trust. For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed Me: for he
wrote of Me. But if ye believe not his writings, how shall ye believe
My words?" Jn. 5:39-47.

Here is how the sheep are fed on a daily basis. It is through the
study of YAHWEH'S word that we are able to come to have understanding
of the Messiah. It is the study of YAHWEH'S word through which we are
spiritually fed. We are able to eat of Him and drink Him in.
Isaiah was inspired to write, "To the law and to the testimony: if
they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light
in them," 8:20.

The word "law" comes from the Hebrew word "Torah" which is the first
five books of the Holy Scriptures that Moses wrote. The "testimony"
happens to be the tables of the commandments which were placed in the
ark of the covenant, "And it came to pass, when Moses came down from
mount Sinai (with the two tables of testimony in Moses' hand, when he
came down from the mount), that Moses wist not that the skin of his
face shone while He talked with him," Ex. 34:29. "And he took
and put the testimony into the ark, and set the staves on the ark, and
put the mercy seat above the ark," Ex. 40:20.

Thus, we are to be searching the Scriptures as to how they testify
(witness) to YAHshua the Messiah and in turn, being fed and feeding
others with the Bread of Elohim that came down from heaven.

THE CLEAN TYPES

The clean animals are a type of YAHWEH'S people who are not only to
eat or feed on YAHWEH'S word, but they are to lie down and ruminate or
think (meditate) on the things that they have been spiritually fed. It
is a process of mulling things over in the mind especially applying
the things read as to how they relate to YAHshua the Messiah.

The clean animals also have cloven hooves (divided into two parts)
which is a type of their ability to rightly divide the word of truth,
"Study to shew thyself approved unto YAHWEH, a workman that
needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth," 2 Tim.
2:15.

If a person belongs to the Messiah then He must have the Spirit of the
Messiah in him, "Now if any man have not the Spirit of the Messiah, he
is none of His. And if the Messiah be in you, the body is dead because
of sin; but the Spirit is life because of righteousness," Ro. 8:9-10).

When the Holy Spirit was given to the disciples on the day of
Pentecost, it appeared as cloven tongues of fire, "And when the day of
Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in
one place. And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing
mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. And
there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire, and it sat
upon each of them," Acts 2:1-3.

While the clean animals walk upon the earth with cloven hooves which
bring them to their pasture so that they can eat the right food, the
Spirit of YAHWEH is a link between the true Believer and the
heavenly food that is imparted in YAHWEH'S word. Thus, the cloven
tongues of fire leads the spiritual sheep to the right food with which
He is also given the ability to rightly divide.

THE UNCLEAN TYPES

Just as the clean animals that chew the cud and divide the hoof are
types of YAHWEH'S sheep, the unclean animals are also types of certain
specific people.

There are other animals that chew the cud, but do not divide the hoof
such as the camel, the hare and the coney (Dt. 14:7). These animals
are a type of those who do chew the cud or ruminate, but they are not
able to rightly divide the word of truth. Why? Simply because they
have not been given the Spirit of the Messiah in order to be able to
do so.

The camel is quite well known as an animal with a vile temper. The
hare, on the other hand, is very timid and shy. Those who have the
Spirit of the Messiah are imbued with the Spirit of peace, yet
they are bold in their approach to their faith in the Messiah.

Then there is the swine which doesn't chew the cud, but does divide
the hoof. The swine is an extremely filthy creature. It eats both
clean and unclean foods, wallows in slime and filth, etc. It is a
type of people who appear to be believers in the Messiah and in the
Scriptures, but are also willing to take any filthy thing, mix it with
the clean (holy), such as syncretizing idolatry and the holy things of
YAHWEH'S word, thereby polluting the things that are clean and pure.

They mix the clean and unclean things together and then try to divide
it all out as holy and dedicated to the Creator. Or in another sense,
they will turn to proclaim that which is evil as good, and that
which is good as evil.

YAHshua cautioned His disciples, "Give not that which is holy unto the
dogs, neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them
under their feet, and turn again and rend you,"

THE DOGS

The next question to ask is Who are the dogs? The answer is found in
Matthew, chapter 15, "Then YAHshua went thence, and departed into the
coasts of Tyre and Sidon. And, behold, a woman of Canaan came out of
the same coasts, and cried unto Him, saying, `Have mercy on me, O
Master, thou Son of David; my daughter is grievously vexed with a
devil.' But He answered her not a word. And His disciples came and
besought Him, saying, `Send her away; for she crieth after us.' But He
answered and said, `I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house
of Israel.' Then came she and worshipped Him, saying, Master, help me.
But He answered and said, `It is not meet to take the children's
bread, and to cast it to dogs.' And she said, Truth, Master: yet the
dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from their masters' table.' Then
YAHshua answered and said unto her, O woman, great is thy faith: be it
unto thee even as thou wilt. And her daughter was made whole from that
very hour," vv. 21-28.

There are several things to learn from this episode. YAHshua had gone
into the environs of Tyre and Sidon. He called the woman a dog.
Remember that Jezebel, the wife of Ahab was from Tyre. She was a
Sidonian! It was through her that the northern kingdom of Israel was
introduced to Baal worship. She was such a vile person that she was,
herself, condemned to be eaten by dogs (1 Kings 21:23).

The Sidonians were dogs. We are commanded to not cast our pearls
before them. The implication is that they, being worshippers of Baal,
would have a tendency to introduce Baal worship into the true
worship of YAHWEH thereby polluting the clean and holy One.

Dogs, like swine, eat just about anything whether clean or unclean.
Sometimes they will eat things that are so wretched that it doesn't
set well on the stomach which causes regurgitation. Notice what the
book of Proverbs says about this unclean practice, "As a dog returneth
to his vomit, so a fool returneth to his folly, 26:11.

Peter, in speaking of the unclean person, utilized Prov. 26:11 as a
comparison, "For if after they have escaped the pollutions of the
world through the knowledge of the Sovereign and Saviour YAHshua the
Messiah, they are again entangled therein and overcome, the latter end
is worse with them than the beginning. For it had been better for them
not to have known the way of righteousness, than, after they have
known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered unto them. But
it has happened unto them according to the true proverb, `The dog is
turned to his own vomit again'; and the sow that was washed to her
wallowing in the mire," 2 Pet. 2:20-22.

A dog or a swine will only stand to be cleaned up for a very short
period of time. I have seen so many, many dogs which were given a
bath. Once cleaned, the owner must be very careful to not
allow them loose, because if the dog is loosed then it will run and
wallow in the grass and dirt until it is once again happy in its
unclean state. Then it will return to its owner wagging its tail
exhibiting a spirit of being quite well pleased with itself never
understanding the displeasure of the owner who has is a kingdom of
Esau and his descendants. Commenting on Isaac's blessing for Esau
(Gen. 27:40) it quotes, "By your sword you shall live. The implication
was not that Esau would be forced to become a brigand and plunder with
his sword, for he was blessed with sustenance from the fatness
of the earth and the dew of the heavens. Rather, the blessing was that
he would be victorious in war and survive his battles (Ramban). Since
the Roman Empire, conqueror of the world, was descended from Esau, the
fulfillment of this blessing is obvious (Abarbanel.)"

Esau had been assigned as Jacob's servant even before birth when
YAHWEH revealed to Rebeccah what was going on in her womb. Isaac also
assigned him as Jacob's servant in his blessing for he said, "...and
you shalt serve thy brother..." (Ibid). But he also gave a condition
wherein Esau could break his brother's yoke from off his neck (Ibid).

The Chumash comments, "When you are aggrieved. If Israel ever
transgresses the Torah, and is thus undeserving of dominion, you will
have a right to be aggrieved that he has taken the blessings;
then you may cast off his yoke from your neck (Rashi). (p. 141)

This is a comment to Gen. 27:40 which says in the KJV, "...and it
shall come to pass when thou shalt have the dominion that thou shalt
break his yoke from off thy neck."

The Jay P. Green Interlinear Bible renders the same portion of this
verse as, "...and it shall be when you fight you shall break his yoke
from your neck."

Has this event taken place and when? The answer is an emphatic YES!
Remember the Roman wars against the Celtic peoples? From an enormous
mountain of literature and documented evidence, it has been proven
beyond a shadow of a doubt that the Celtic peoples are the descendants
of the northern kingdom of Israel. Julius Caesar was one of the famous Rom=
an
generals who successfully fought against the Celts and overcame them.

The other part of the story is the fall of Jud=E6a and Jerusalem to the
Romans. Rome (Esau) fought successfully against the Jewish people's
uprising, destroyed their power, destroyed their city, Jerusalem, and
sold the survivors into slavery. The Celts (descendants of the
northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah had been vanquished. Thus,
Isaac's prophecy came true.

ESAU'S SPIRIT

Gen. 36:1 states, "Now these are the generations of Esau, who is
Edom." The Chumash comments concerning this statement, "He is Edom.
The name - and the fact that it was used throughout his life-
gives an insight into Esau's base character. The name was given him as
a reference to his gluttony when he sold the birthright for nothing
more than red beans (25:30). That greed and depraved set of
values characterized him all through his life (Sforno).

2. Daughter of Anah, daughter of Zibeon. As noted above, the Sages and
commentators derive from various parts of the chapter that Esau's
family was permeated with illegitimacy. Though this commentary cannot
deal with those many allusions, this phrase is an illustrative
example. The verse implies that Oholibamah was the daughter of two
fathers, Anah and Zibeon, an obvious impossibility. Furthermore, verse
24 describes Anah as Zibeon's son. Consequently, our verse implies
that Zibeon cohabited with his own daughter-in-law, Anah's wife, and
Oholibamah was the product of their adultery. Thus, she and all her
offspring were illegitimate (Rashi)." (pp. 192-193)

These statements are certainly in line with Hebrews, chapter 12 which
states, "Follow peace with all, and holiness without which no man
shall see the Master; looking diligently lest any man fail of the
grace of YAHWEH; lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you,
and thereby many be defiled; lest there be any fornicator, or profane
person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright," vv.
14-16.

In the first place, this should dash all the ideas of those who
proclaim, "Once saved, always saved," at least in the fleshly
existence. The criterion established here is that we must follow
holiness or we won't be able to see YAHshua. The warning is that we
can fail to receive YAHWEH'S grace.

But look at what it says about Esau. It calls him a "fornicator,
and/or profane person." Fornicator comes from the Greek word "pornos"
which is defined as "a male prostitute (as venal), a libertine, or
debauchee."

To be "venal" means salable, for a price. It would be the descendants
of Esau who coined the phrase, "Every man has his price." Venal is
defined as, 1. capable of being obtained for a price 2.
that can readily be bribed or corrupted 3. characterized by corruption
or bribery (Webster's New World Dictionary).

Venality is defined as, state, quality, or instance of being venal;
willingness to be bribed or bought off, or to prostitute one's talent
for mercenary considerations (Ibid).

Venatic is defined as, of or engaging in hunting (Esau was a cunning
hunter, Gen. 25:27).A "libertine or debauchee" is one who lives in
sexual promiscuity and licentiousness. This certainly fits
in with what The Cumash commented concerning Esau's and his
descendant's character.

The word "profane" was also utilized to describe Esau's character.
"Profane" is translated from the Greek word "bebelos." "Bebelos" is
defined as heathenish, wicked by Strong's Exhaustive
Concordance.

Webster's New World Dictionary defines "heathen" as originally and in
the Old Testament, a member of any nation or people not worshipping
the G-d of Israel. It reveals that the etymology of the word is
associated with the Latin word paganus from whence we obtain the word
"pagan."

Looking up the word "pagan" in Webster's New World Dictionary again
brings quite a revelation. Under synonyms we read, "pagan and heathen
are both applied to nonmonotheistic peoples, but pagan specifically
refers to one of the ancient polytheistic peoples, esp. the Greeks and
Romans, and heathen is applied to any of the peoples regarded as
primitive idolaters."

What this is saying is that a heathen is primitive, but the Greeks and
Romans were much more sophisticated in their approach to religion.

Again however, we must remember that the Romans are descendants of
Esau! The character of Esau is that of licentious religious worship
which is steeped in sophisticated heathenistic practices.
His will be a religion of merchandise, in other words, religious
idolatrous artifacts are offered for sale, offices of the priesthood
will be for sale, salvation will have a price tag on it, one can just
pay his way into eternal life, all of this mixed in with sexual
permissiveness. Does this sound familiar?

End of Part 1 of 3

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