From: Yair Davidy
To: heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: Isaiah and the Ten Lost Tribes

Studies in Isaiah

The Exile of the Ten Lost Tribes
by
Yair Davidy

BRIT-AM is an ORTHODOX JEWISH Organization

#1) Do Orthodox Jews believe in Replacement theology? NO
#2) Do Orthodox Jews believe in Christian British Israelism? NO

"Brit-Am Israel". (Brit = Covenant, Am = People in Hebrew)

"Brit-Am Israel" at present is headed by Yair Davidy and by Rabbi
Abraham Feld.

The address of "Brit-Am Israel" is Yair Davidy, "Brit-Am Israel",
P.O.B. 595, Jerusalem 91004, Israel.

The e-mail is : britam@netvision.net.il

"BRIT-AM ISRAEL" BELIEVES:

* The Hebrew Bible is the message of God.

* Out of the original 12 Tribes of Israel Ten were lost. Two
remained. The present-day Jews are descended mainly from the two
remaining Tribes of Judah and Benjamin.

* The Khazars were a Kingdom in southern Russia many of whose
leaders converted to Judaism. The Khazars were descended from the
Lost Ten Tribes. The Khazars were blood-relatives of the Picts who
went to Scotland, and of the Anglo-Saxons, and of peoples in
Scandinavia.

* In addition to the Khazars, many other converts to Judaism
through the ages were descended from assimilated Jews or from members
of the Lost Ten Tribes.

* Most of the Lost Ten Tribes migrated to Northwest and Western
Europe and their descendants are now in those areas or in North
America, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

* We do not claim that all residents of the said nations are
descended from Israel. We do however affirm that most descendants of
the Lost Ten Tribes are residents of those nations. On the whole
they are unaware of their Israelite Identity. Even so in the course
of history the Israelite origins of peoples in those areas have
influenced national developments and national characteristics.

* The Tribe of Joseph was divided into two other Tribes: Ephraim
and Menasseh. People from ALL of the Israelite Tribes congregated in
North America but in general the U.S.A. is dominated by Menasseh.
Britain has characteristics of Ephraim.

* Reuben was important in France, Issachar in Switzerland, Benjamin
in Belgium, Zebulon in Holland, Dan in Denmark, Naphtali in Norway,
Gad in Sweden, the country of Finland was influenced by the Tribes of
Simeon, Issachar, and Gad; Simeon, Dan, and Ephraim were important in
Ireland.

* There is a need for the present-day "Jews" of Judah and the Lost
Ten Tribes to recognize each other, and to work towards
re-unification and reconciliation.

* Proof exists confirming "Brit-Am Israel" Identity beliefs. Some
of the evidence has been presented in works by Yair Davidy such as
"The Tribes" (1993), "Ephraim" (1995), and "Lost Israelite Identity"
(1996), as well as in articles in our journal "Tribesman". Much
additional evidence is available and needs to be uncovered and
published. Our sources include the Bible, Talmud, Midrashim,
Commentators, Classical Greek and Roman historians, Chroniclers,
Legends, Linguistics, Archaeology, and where pertinent racial and
other scientific studies.

* Even though much of the evidence has been revealed by ourselves it
is not ours alone. Our proofs have never been properly refuted. The
basic claims we have made are irrefutable. If one cannot deny our
claims and there is nobody else who can it follows that one should
accept them. This means that the identity of the Lost Ten Tribes of
Israel with western peoples should be acknowledged. Once this
acknowledgment is forthcoming it is possible to discuss whatever
practical conclusions need to be made.

IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE, IN DISCUSSION, AND/OR IN
JOINING "BRIT-AM ISRAEL", please make contact by Return Mail.

+++++++++++++++++++++++

NOTE FROM EDDIE:

FYI: Yair Davidy is an ORTHODOX JEW. He does NOT believe in:

#1) Replacement theology
#2) Christian British Israelism

Yair Davidy / Brit-Am / Orthodox Jews DO believe in:

#1) The Restoration of BOTH houses of Israel in the future (the
Messianic redemption or the Ingathering of the Exiles) (Ezekiel
37:15-28) when the house of Israel (The Ten Lost Tribes) join
themselves to / with the house of Judah in the end of days.

Recently, I ordered from Brit-Am and read the first three issues of
the MAGAZINE BRIT-AM. The articles and the information in the magazine
was OUTSTANDING.

It is VITAL in these days in which we live to understand that the
belief in the restoration of both houses of Israel / Messianic
Redemption / Ingathering of the Exiles and the reuniting of Ephraim
(Ten Lost Tribes) with Judah and Ephraim returning to Torah is a
fundamental and foundational belief of Orthodox Judaism. It is one of
the 13 articles of Jewish faith and a prayer for the Messianic
Redemption / Restoration of both houses of Israel is prayed THREE
times a day by Orthodox Jews.

I would HIGHLY recommend that our newsgroup members subscribe to the
Brit-Am magazine to gain a greater understanding of Orthodox Jewish
belief regarding this issue. In a recent edition of the magazine,
Brit-Am stated that they have come to the conclusion that the primary
religion of the Ten Lost Tribes today is Christianity.

Brit-Am declares that this information is VITAL to your
understanding of the Bible and Hebraic Heritage Ministries Int'l
agrees. Please consider obtaining the first 3 issues of the Brit-Am
magazine and subscribing to future editions.

Yours for the restoration of both houses of Israel,

Eddie Chumney
Hebraic Heritage Ministries Int'l

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From: Yair Davidi
To: heb_roots_chr@hebroots.org
Subject: Isaiah-9 no.2

Isaiah-9 no.2

[ISAIAH 9:2] THE PEOPLE WHO WALKED IN DARKNESS HAVE SEEN A GREAT LIGHT;
THOSE WHO DWELT IN A LAND OF DEEP DARKNESS, ON THEM HAS LIGHT SHINED.

"THE PEOPLE WHO WALKED IN DARKNESS": One commentary says this refers to
the Lost Ten Tribes (LTTs) [see MeAm Loaz]. This source says that after the
Assyrian King Sennacherib besieged Jerusalem and had hisarmy destroyed by a
miracle the Lost Ten tribes who already in exile were released from
bondage. This explanation could explain a lot of things but what it is
based upon is uncertain.

At all events the LTTs being in darkness is also reported in Isaiah
49:9 but since at the present rate it will be some time before we get there we
will consider it now:

Extracts from "Ephraim" chapter four:

"That thou mayest say to the prisoners, Go forth; to them that
are in darkness, Shew yourselves. They shall feed in the ways, and their
pastures shall be in all high places" (Isaiah 49:9).

The Midrash (Numbers Rabah 1;6, Eichah Rabah 2;9, Jerusalemi Sanhedrin
ch.17, L.6,29) on these verses, comments:

~Rabbi Berachiah and Rabbi Chelbo in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar
Nachman said: To three places was Israel exiled, one to beyond the
Sambation River, one to Daphneh of Antiochia, and one to where the Clouds
came down and covered them; in the same way that they [i.e.the northern
Israelites west of the Jordan River] were exiled to three places, so too
were the Tribes [east of the Jordan River] of Reuben, Gad, and
halfMenasseh, exiled to three places. When they shall return so too will
Reuben, Gad, and halfMenasseh return with them. How do we know all this?
~` From the verse, "Say to the prisoners go forth" (Isaiah 49:9):

These are those exiled beyond the Sambation River.

"To them that are in darkness, shew yourselves" (Isaiah 49:9):
These are those whom the cloud descended upon and covered.

"They shall feed in the ways, and in all high places their
pastures" (Isaiah 49:9): These are those who were exiled to Daphne of
Antiochea.~'

Now from those places to which the Lost Ten Tribes were exiled there
emerged the Cimmerians, Scythians, and Gothic ethnic groups. There is much
evidence that these peoples were either mainly Israelite or that at least
Israelites were a significant element amongst them and that the bulk of
Israelite exiles were to be found in their midst.

Like the third part of exiled Israelites in the Midrash, so too,
were the Cimmerians in Classical Literature to be associated with Clouds,
Mountains, or simply regions, of Darkness. A wordroot "comer" (reminiscent
of "Cimmerian") in both Hebrew and Latin connates "darkness"!16 At one
stage a portion of the Cimmerians were to be found in the Crimean
Peninsula. At that time the climate was much wetter in the Crimean region
than it is now and the area was apparently always cloudy. In Latin
Literature there existed a phrase "Af tenebrae Cimmeriae" meaning
"Cimmerian Darkness" and applied to the Crimea17.

The bulk of the Cimmerians via the Balkans entered Europe and moved
westward. They are identified in general with the Celts. The name "Celt"
has been interpreted as:

"meaning hidden the word which gives us the Irish form `ceilt',
i.e. concealment or secret, and the word which gives us the English word
kilt" 18.

The Scottii who from Scythia reached Ireland and from there went
to Scotland were counted as Celts and their name ("Scotoi") in Greek was
understandable as meaning obscure or hidden19. In Britain and Brittany
(Gaul) lived a people called Ostrynimians by the Carthaginains and
Phoenecians and this name also is said to means hidden20 from the hebrew
root "sater". The god Saturn who allegedly reigned in the British Isles too
has a name derivable in Hebrew from the same root ("sater") and connoting
the "hidden god". Saturn in Greek-Phoneician Mythology was taken to
represent the god ["god" in their eyes, "God" in ours] of Israel or to
personify the exiled of Israel, thus the exiled of Israel (i.e. "Saturn")
ruled in the British Isles.

Amongst the Celts, the Cimmerians are specially linked with the
Galatians n and with the Cimbri of Scandinavia and the Cymry of Britain.

The Orphic Argonautica (supposed ca.500 b.c.e.) placed the
Cimmerians far away in the north somewhere in the British Isles:

"Cimmerii who were hidden from the sun rising by the mountains of
Ripaeus in Britain near the vicinity of Hades21..."

"....far away in the north on the way to the Iernian [Ireland?]
islands22.. ".

Homer (in the "Odyssey" 11;19) mentioned,
"The deep sea of Oceanos [i.e.The Atlantic Ocean] which is the
World's boundary. There is the city of the Cimmerian people. Night is
forever spread over these unhappy mortals".

It is generally agreed that both these above passages are placing
Cimmerians in Britain and it was be noticed that both use expressions
implying darkness or hiddenness.

Plutarch seems to have identified the Cimmerians with the Cimbri of
Scandinavia and the North sea coast as did other Roman writers.

Plutarch says of these Cimmeriandescendants:
"Part of them still inhabit the remotest regions upon the outer
Ocean. These... live in a dark and woody region hardly penetrable by the
sunbeams...their days and nights being equally continuous, they divide
their year into one of Each..(Plutarch: "Caius Marius").

A.W.Whatmore also noted the linkage in Classical works of the
Cimmerians with the Dark in the Caucasus, in Crimea, in Britain, and in
Scandinavia 23.

Denmark was settled at one stage by the Cimbri descendants of the
Cimmerians and then later by the Danes from the Israelite Tribe of Dan.

This overlapping of Cimbri with the Danes of Dan is interesting. A
Midrash commented on the TribalOrder of Marching forward in the Wilderness
when the ancient Israelites had escaped from Egypt yet still had not been
allowed to enter the Promised Land. The Midrash infers that this
positioning was indicative of future developments. The Position of Dan,
says the Midrash (Numbers Rabah 2), "was in the north, whence darkness
comes".

The Cimmerians also gave rise to the Cimbri The Cimbri, claimed
Plutarch, in their migrations carried a metal bull with them25. The Cimbri
in Scandinavia are known to have had a bull cult of Mediterranean origin26.
The Israelites in the Wilderness were punished for making a golden bullcalf
(Hebrew: "aegel") which they intended to go before them in their wanderings
(Exodus 32;14). Excavations in the area of northern Israel have unearthed
metallic statuettes of bulls which are dated to the period of Israelite
occupation prior to their exile27. King Jeroboam1 from the Tribe of
Ephraim was the first king of northern Israel after it broke away from
the south. He set up a bullcalf cult with golden statues and cultic
centres at Dan and in Bethel (2Kings 12;2829). These golden statues,
according to one source, were later smashed. They may have been exchanged
for metallic ones. Sargon, the Assyrian king after defeating northern
Israel said, "I counted the gods on whom they trusted as spoil"28. The
statue at Bethel (Bethaven) was captured by the Assyrians and "carried
unto Assyria" (Hosea 10;6). The Cimbri practice of carrying a metallic bull
with them may have been a carryover from their north Israelite paganism.

The Cimbri were later to be found throughout Scandinavia29
especially in DenmarkJutland which Procopius ("Gothic Wars 2.1.7) referred
to as "Brittania" whereas the isle of Britain (home of the British Cymry)
he called "Brittia". Part of the Cimbri reached Holland in their wanderings
and there too the presence of a tribe of "Bretons" was reported (Pliny
N.H.4;17)30. Isaiah (ch.49) placed the Lost Israelites in "Isles of the
Sea" and said they would establish a "BritAm" i.e. A People's Covenant or
Commonwealth.

Whatmore ("Insulae Britannicae", 1913) showed that in Classical
Literature the Islands of Britain were considered the edge of the world,
the last section of Scythia, and associated with Cimmerian darkness. The
same characteristics were ascribed to Scandinavia and then later
Scandinavian writers said the same things about North America wherein
Viking Scandinavians attempted to settle!

Leif Ericson in the 1100s c.e. visited the coasts of North America
and an effort at colonisation was made. A Chronicle of the event gave the
names Helluland, Markland, and Vinland to the countries visited. Whatmore
equated "Markland" with North America31. After drawing parallels between
the DanishNorwegian word "merke" and the Russian "mrak", he said that the
name "Markland" (given to North America) signified DARKNESS.

The Scandinavian Chronicler was continuing the Classical
tradition and Whatmore concludes that "Markland" (i.e. the name given to
North America),

"is quite as likely an echo of the dark Kimmerian
world"32.

It follows that in Biblical and Rabbinical tradition the Lost Ten
Tribes or at least a portion of them were associated with Darkness,
Clouds, and Concealment in general. Both linguistically and conceptually
these same attributes were attached to the Cimmerians and to those who
emerged from them. Proofs from other fields confirm that these same
entities were descended largely from Israel.

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From: Yair Davidi
To: britam@netvision.net.il
Subject: Isaiah-9 no.3

Isaiah-9 no.3

[ISAIAH 9:4] FOR THE YOKE OF HIS BURDEN, AND THE STAFF FOR HIS
SHOULDER, THE ROD OF HIS OPPRESSOR, THOU HAST BROKEN AS ON THE DAY OF
MIDIAN.

This is referring to Gideon of the Tribe of Menasseh who defeated the
Midianites (Judges chapters 6,7,8). Gideon later had to contend
with the men of Ephraim (Judges8;1) who were jealous of his
leadership. Gideon came from the clan of Abiezer within Gilead within
Menasseh. Abiezer is the same as Je-ezer (Numbers 26;30). In Hebrew
"Je-ezer" is Ai-y-azar and Abiezer is Avi-y-azar so they are actually
closer than they appear in Englisjh translation. Ai-y-azar was
pronouncable as Ai-y-(g)azar. This links them with the Agathyrsi or
Agazari (Acatziri) who became known as the Khazars. The Khazars had a
tradition that they were descended from the Tribes of Menasseh and
Simeon. Their Israelite ancestry was recognized by most Jewish
authorities in their tribe. They converted to Judaism and for a period
ruled over southern Russia. They beat back Arab invaders and together
with the Frank Charles Martel in the west saved Europe from Muslim
domination.

Some people claim that the Khazars were Turks and that the Turks are
Edomites and therefore so were the Khazars. They then say that the
Jews are mainly descended from Khazars and therefore the Jews are
Edomites. This may sound ridiculous but there are those who sincerely
believe in it. Not all those who hold these views are necessarily
anti-Jewish. Some appear to be sincerely mislead.

NOTE FROM EDDIE:

This information is IMPORTANT to read because you may or may have
met people who are anti-semites and who claim that "Jews aren't real
Jews but are Edomites and are the Khazars who were converts to
Judaism". In this article, Yair does a good job showing that this is a
myth, lie and distortion of historical facts. Some of the groups who
believe this Jews are really edomites are RADICAL elements of the
"Christian Identity" movement who have a PERVERTED view of the "two
houses of Israel".

END OF NOTE

As for the Turks being Edomites I never saw anything really convincing
and do not believe it. There may have been Edoimite elements amongst
Turkish peoples but I doubt if they were numerically significant. As
for the Khazars having been Turks I looked up the sources and all it
means is that the Khazars may have spoken a Turkish dialect as did
some white "Nordic" peoples, some "Turkish" peoples and some
"Mongolians". It is not even certain what language they did speak
since all we have are a few "Runes" that appear like a Central Asian
Turkish-related dialect and MAY belong to the Khazars. At one stage
the Turks did rule over the Khazars and they did dominate the region
of Southern Russia for a period. So some influence was to be expected.

This does not say much and even this is uncertain. Some of the
Khazars spoke Finnish. Polak believed their original tongue was a Gothic
dialect. I think they originally spoke Hebrew. The Khazars were
actually reported of in southern Russia long before the Turks were
ever heard of. I have written on this matter and will write again
Steven Collins has also written a very pertinent and interesting
article on the subject which will be published in our magazine
BRIT-AM. I just bought a book "The Jews of Khazaria" by kevin Alan
Brook. The book is interesting. The man also has a Web Site. He
believes the Khazars were a Turkish people. From reading the book
however the opposite conclusion appears the more acceptable. Why are
the Khazars Considered Turkish?

[Very Summarised] Claims:

1. Some Jewish sources say they were.

2. A letter from King Joseph of Khazaria relates them to Togarmah.

3. They are believed to have spoken Turkish and had Turkish customs.

4. Their ruling house is claimed to have been of Turkish origin and to have ruled over Turks.

Short Answers:

1. Most contemporary Jewish sources relate the
Khazars to Israel. Sources that relate them to Togarmah are mainly
later ones and less reliable. Those who knew them at first hand
considered them Israelite.

2. The letter from King Joseph is in several versions. It has been
doctored. The segment relating them to
Togarmah appears from its style to be an interpolation. Both the
Khazars themselves and Jewish authorities considered them to be of
Israelite descent.

3. Little evidence of Turkish nput. All that
there was can easily be explained by cultural contact.

4. The same ruling house also ruled over part of the Huns, the Goths, and the
Parthians. The deeper we go into these matters the more remote the
possibility of Turkish connections become.

As for most Jews being descended from the Khazars this too does not
fit in with the known facts. If we thought it were so we would admit
it since it does not matter (from our point of view) much anyway.

Ephraim Hirsch has written an article describing the Khazars as kind
of an "American" type people riding forth in cowboy fashion to
establish civilised values over the steppes of Russia. Most of the
article is given below:

The opinions expressed are his own. His account is highly
idealised and maybe exaggerated nevertheless sources do exist that
render most of his claims defensible. The article concerns the Khazars
who were related to the Parthians. The Parthians were also known for
their tolerance and for a laissez faire administration that was
successful. Both Parthians and Khazars were descended from the Lost
Ten Tribes and both were kinsfolk to entities now amongst nations of
northwest European descent.. Maybe the ambition to realise human
potential through constitutional freedom is a recurring urge of the
Israelite Peoples. The basic core of the Khazars were the Agathyrsi
descendants of Aiezer [Ai-g-ezer] of Menasseh. The North Americans are
also dominated by Menasseh and the account below reads like another
version of the American Dream.

Edward (Ephraim) Hirsch:

"The Khazars are coming"

It sounds like the plot from an Arnold Schwarzenegger
epic. A nomadic people in the South Russian steppes rise up against
tyranny and barbarism. Surrounded by wild tribes who yoked their women
to chariots, they enjoyed all the comforts of civilized nations , a
well-constituted and tolerant government, a flourishing trade, and a
well-disciplined standing army. At a time when fanaticism, ignorance
and anarchy reigned in western Europe, this kingdom could boast of its
just and broad-minded administration. They practiced complete freedom
of religion. Christian, Jew and Muslim rode together as brothers under
the same flag. ......They were an equal opportunity employer.

They ruled over Russia from the lower course of the Volga and the
northern slopes of the Caucasus, as far as the lands bounded by the
sea of Azov and the Caspian. Their kingdom lasted a thousand years.
During that span, they saved Christianity, rescued the Jews, and
embraced the Muslims as partners. They gave sanctuary to an outcast
Byzantine emperor and risked their lives and empire for the poor and
oppressed. They chose their king from the most humble of their
subjects and he never made a public appearance, lacking the status of
even a figurehead. Their women were reputed to be among the most
beautiful in the world and were married off to the most powerful
rulers in history. This will-o'-the-wisp people appeared out of
nowhere in the second century and disappeared with hardly a trace in
the twelfth. They spoke an unknown language, unrelated to their
neighbours of which only fifty words remain. They left virtually no
artifacts, no ruins and no written documents. Although at one time
their capital city, Atil, named after the mythical land of Atlantis,
was the richest and the greatest on the globe.

As unlikely as this scenario may sound, every word is
historical truth. They were the Khazars, a tribal union that emerged in the
aftermath of a series of migrations of nomadic people from Inner and
Central Asia. Like everything else about them, their racial origin is
unknown. Scholars first argued that they were of Finno-Ugrian
extraction, but later maintained they were a Turkish off-shoot.
Eventually, the leading academicians decided they had no idea where
they came from. Readers of Gibbon are familiar with the name of Leo
the Khazar, an Emperor of the Greeks, whose mother was one of those
glamorous Khazar princesses. More recently, inveterate viewers of late
night television saw the Khazars on cable. The descendants of the
Khazars are those guys storming the Hitler bunker on the documentary
"World at War". The Khazars were known by their enemies as the most
valiant warriors of their epoch and the tradition has lingered. The
Russians used the mountain Tats, reputed to be the last of the
Khazars, as shock-troops. .......

Among the accomplishments of the Khazars, according to
historians, is holding the line between the advance of the Muslim hordes and
Europe, much as Charles Martel fended off the Moors at Tours. The
Khazars also are known for the conversion of the royal family to the
Jewish religion in the eighth century. Scholars claim that this came
about as the result of a religious debate when emissaries of the three
faiths were sent to the kingdom. The Khazars adopted the Jewish
religion because of their imperative to help the oppressed, in the
same way that the king of Denmark later donned a Star of David to show
solidarity with the besieged people. The Khazars did things like that.
In their spare time they invenDemocracy. Although the Greek
philosopher Pericles is generally credited with the idea, it is known
that Herodotus, a buddy of Pericles visited Khazaria shortly before
Pericles came up with this inspiration that has shaped modern thought.
Historians report that the Khazar king dreamed that God spoke to him,
saying "your intentions are good but your works leave a lot to be
desired". Thereafter, the Khazars not only preached total freedom and
justice, they implemented it. Their government consisted of a council
of two Christians, two Jews, two Muslims, and a barbarian. They never
withdrew loyalty once granted.

No man was so despised that he could not find forgiveness in the
Khazar kingdom. ......... They invented the concept of liberty,
fraternity and equality.

According to D.M. Dunlop of Colombia University, the foremost
American scholar of the Khazars, the reason the Khazars are not
generally known by the public is that the historical records exist
mistily in Arabic and Turkish texts. Also, the thrust of history as
taught in our schools concerns itself mostly with Greece, Rome and
western Europe. But Dunlop says "It can scarcely be doubted that but
for the existence of the Khazars in the region north of the Caucasus,
Byzantium, the bulwark of European civilization in the east, would
have found itself outflanked by the Arabs, and the history of
Christianity and Islam might well have been very different from what
we know".

Khazaria derived its wealth from its international trade
routes that crossed its territory linking the Byzantine Empire, the Arab
Caliphate and Northern Europe. In order to protect their commercial
interests, the Khazars strove to maintain peace in the region and to
exclude or neutralize any nomadic invaders from the east......Shielded
by this peace accord, the East Slavic tribes north of the open steppe
were able to expand further southward and to prosper in their
livestock-raising pursuits.

Although Khazaria subsequently became known as the first land
whose rulers embraced Judaism in the Medieval Period the Khazars had
[previously] been most renowned for their prowess in commerce. The
Khazars were the first true capitalists as well as the first
democratic political entity.

An account of the Khazars was in fact given by the Cambridge
historian J.B. Bury in a chapter of his History of the Eastern Roman
Empire, and the Khazars are mentioned in most encyclopedias and
dictionaries.

The Khazars are found in our hearts. The Khazars were never a nation
in the real sense. They were an empire of the senses, a trading
organisation and a confederation of peace loving people. They were the
law west of the Pecos -- and the Volga, Dnieper, and Don for that
matter. Our ideals, our vision and even our system of government were
forged by the Khazars.......

"Much has been written by the authorities respecting the kingdom of
Cozar (the Khazars) which Basnage in his History of the Jews is
inclined to consider an imaginary region, but which, whether a real or
an ideal monarchy and wherever situated affords proof that in the
rabbinical tradition, they build a tabernacle perfectly like that
which Moses set up in the wilderness. They are said to have been happy
and potent, to have triumphed over their enemies..." Lord Kingsborough
(Edward King) quoted by Edward Hirsch Dec.5 1995.

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